Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Electrical and Photosynthetic Activity and the Content of Phytohormones Induced by Local Stimulation of Pea Plants.

Maria Ladeynova,Anna Brilkina,Ekaterina Berezina,Vladimir Vodeneev,Dmitry Kior,Marina Grinberg,Maxim Mudrilov,Vladimir Sukhov

doi:10.3390/plants9101364

Abstract

A local leaf burning causes variation potential (VP) propagation, a decrease in photosynthesis activity, and changes in the content of phytohormones in unstimulated leaves in pea plants. The VP-induced photosynthesis response develops in two phases: fast inactivation and long-term inactivation. Along with a decrease in photosynthetic activity, there is a transpiration suppression in unstimulated pea leaves, which corresponds to the long-term phase of photosynthesis response. Phytohormone level analysis showed an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) preceding a transpiration suppression and a long-term phase of the photosynthesis response. Analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of electrical signals, phytohormone levels, photosynthesis, and transpiration activity showed the most pronounced changes in the more distant leaf from the area of local stimulation. The established features are related to the architecture of the vascular bundles in the pea stem.

Highlights

IntroductionPlants are exposed to various adverse environmental factors, acting in local or systemic way
Plants are exposed to various adverse environmental factors, acting in local or systemic way.Many local stressors, such as mechanical damage, excessive light, and high and low temperatures, cause the activation of defense reactions at the site of action, and at a considerable distance in non-stressed parts of the plant
Our results show that the local burning the upper leaf induces propagation of the electrical results show that the local burning the upper leaf induces of the electrical signal signalOur (VP), influences content of phytohormones

Summary

Introduction

Plants are exposed to various adverse environmental factors, acting in local or systemic way. Many local stressors, such as mechanical damage, excessive light, and high and low temperatures, cause the activation of defense reactions at the site of action, and at a considerable distance in non-stressed parts of the plant. Electrical signals include three main types: action potential (AP) induced by non-damaging stimuli, variation potential (VP) (otherwise called slow wave potential (SWP)) induced by local damage or heating, and systemic potential (SP) induced by chemical factors or damage [2,3]. VP propagates over long distances at a speed from several cm/min to tens of cm/min from the area of stimulation to intact plant areas, where it can induce a functional response [4,5]. Responses induced by local stimuli include an increase in the ATP concentration [6], changes in the activity of photosynthesis [5] and transpiration [7], activation

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