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Abstract
AbstractDroughts can be distinguished by three vital characteristics—spatial coverage, intensity, and duration. The objective of the present study was to study the temporal and spatial variation of drought incidences by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Precipitation (PNP) at multiple time scales; computed using monthly precipitation data (1960–2012) in the study area of 59 rain gauge stations. Drought climatology based on these drought indices (PNP and SPI) has been studied for finding out their suitability for drought monitoring over Krishna basin in Maharashtra. Study results indicate that at dry and wet conditions, the SPI performs better than PNP in monitoring drought at multiple time scales. However, SPI-1 fails to recognize drought conditions in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon months. The spatially interpolated droughts maps are prepared which displays the variation of drought severity across the study area. The ranking of stations has been done as per drought seve...
Highlights
Drought is acknowledged as a significant natural disaster which leads to food, fodder, and water shortages along with destruction of vital ecological system
This paper evaluates the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48-month time scales computed using long time series (1960–2012) of monthly precipitation data at 59 stations in the study area
Steps in calculating SPI The SPI was developed by McKee et al (1993) and McKee Doesken, and Kleist (1995) to compute precipitation deficits on multiple time scales
Summary
Drought is acknowledged as a significant natural disaster which leads to food, fodder, and water shortages along with destruction of vital ecological system. Drought is a natural hazard having negative effect on society and environment which is intensified by increasing water demand (Mishra & Singh, 2010). Drought is a phenomenon associated with scarcity of water due to delay in rainy season and/or reduction in “Normal” rainfall. Drought is an environmental disaster which has concern with hydrology, environment, ecology, meteorology, geology, and agricultural scientists. Rise in conflicts for water sharing has been increased amongst urban population (drinking and domestic use), expansion of agriculture in rural sector (livelihood and food security), generation of power (hydropower and thermal power plants), and industrial sectors (processing and cleaning). Water scarcity is added by factors, such as water contamination, variation of rainfall pattern due to climate change, etc
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