Spatial and Temporal Diversity of Cyanometabolites in the Eutrophic Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea)

Renata Pilkaitytė,Zita Rasuolė Gasiūnaitė,Hanna Mazur-Marzec,Donata Overlingė

doi:10.3390/w13131760

Renata Pilkaitytė, Zita Rasuolė Gasiūnaitė + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131760

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Journal: Water	Publication Date: Jun 25, 2021
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Klaipėda University, University of Gdańsk

Abstract

This work aims to determine the profiles of cyanopeptides and anatoxin synthetized by cyanobacteria in the Lithuanian part of the Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea) and to characterize their spatial and temporal patterns in this ecosystem. Cyanometabolites were analysed by a LC-MS/MS system and were coupled to a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. During the investigation period (2013–2017), 10 microcystins, nodularin, anatoxin-a, 16 anabaenopeptins, including 1 oscillamide, 12 aeruginosins, 1 aeruginosamide, 3 cyanopeptolins and 4 microginins were detected. The most frequently detected metabolites were found at all investigated sites. Demethylated microcystin variants and anabaenopeptins had the strongest relationship with Planktothrix agardhii, while non-demethylated microcystin variants and anatoxin had the strongest relationship with Microcystis spp. Low concentrations of some microcystins: [Asp3]MC-RR, MC-RR, MC-LR, as well as a few other cyanopeptides: AP-A and AEG-A were found during the cold period (December–March). Over the study period, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix and Microcystis were the main dominant cyanobacteria species, while Planktothrix, Microcystis, and Dolichospermum were potentially producers of cyanopeptides and anatoxin detected in samples from the Curonian Lagoon.

Highlights

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes found in a wide variety of aquatic environments
The Baltic Sea the Curonian Lagoon were defined by salinity
We provide the first detailed description of the occurrence and and the diversity of cyanopeptides and anatoxin in the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian the diversity of cyanopeptides and anatoxin in the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian part)

Summary

Introduction

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes found in a wide variety of aquatic environments. They grow at high densities, forming ‘blooms’ that increase in extension and frequency, and follow anthropogenic activities and climate changes [1,2,3]. The mixtures of various secondary metabolites are detected during naturally occurring cyanobacteria ‘blooms’. These include low molecular weight toxins, such as anatoxins, saxitoxins, β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and cylindrospermopsin, and a wide array of oligopeptides, termed cyanopeptides, including microcystins [11]. 2031 cyanobacterial metabolites have been described, among which approximately 65% are peptides [10] The majority of these peptides range from 400 to 1900 Da, but most of them are present in the

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