Spatial and temporal analysis of tuberculosis in an area of social inequality in Northeast Brazil

Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima,Andrezza Marques Duque,Damião Da Conceição Araújo,Marcus Valerius Da Silva Peixoto,Marco Antônio Prado Nunes,Marco Aurélio De Oliveira Goes,Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro,Márcio Bezerra Santos,Allan Dantas Dos Santos,Karina Conceição Gomes Machado De Araújo

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7224-0

Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima, Andrezza Marques Duque + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7224-0

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Abstract

BackgroundTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a disease known worldwide for its vulnerability factors, magnitude and mortality. The objective of the study was to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of TB in the area of social inequality in northeast Brazil between the years 2001 and 2016.MethodsAn ecological time series study with the use of spatial analysis techniques was carried out from 2001 to 2016. The units of analysis were the 75 municipalities in the state of Sergipe. Data from the Notification of Injury Information System were used. For the construction of the maps, the cartographic base of the state of Sergipe, obtained at the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, was used. Georeferenced data were analysed using TerraView 4.2.2 software (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) and QGis 2.18.2 (Open Source Geospatial Foundation). Spatial analyses included the empirical Bayesian model and the global and local Moran indices. The time trend analyses were performed by the software Joinpoint Regression, Version 4.5.0.1, with the variables of sex, age, cure and abandonment.ResultsThere was an increasing trend of tuberculosis cases in patients under 20 years old and 20–39 years old, especially in males. Cured cases showed a decreasing trend, and cases of treatment withdrawal were stationary. A spatial dependence was observed in almost all analysed territories but with different concentrations. Significant spatial correlations with the formation of clusters in the southeast and northeast of the state were observed. The probability of illness among municipalities was determined not to occur in a random way.ConclusionThe identification of risk areas and priority groups can help health planning by refining the focus of attention to tuberculosis control. Understanding the epidemiological, spatial and temporal dynamics of tuberculosis can allow for improved targeting of strategies for disease prevention and control.

Highlights

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
We studied standardized municipality tuberculosis case notification rates in an area of social inequality in Brazil
TB remains on the horizon of public health, mainly due to its persistence and high rates in communities living in poverty and on the margins of social exclusion [3]

Summary

Introduction

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis It is a disease known worldwide for its vulnerability factors, magnitude and mortality. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular pathogen called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a disease known worldwide for its vulnerability, magnitude and morbidity factors. In 2018, the country presented an incidence rate of 33.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and Sergipe, with an incidence rate of 28.8/100,000, had the fourth highest incidence rate of TB in the northeast region, despite the global reduction target of 10/100,000 inhabitants as a strategy for eliminating the disease [4, 5]

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