Abstract
BackgroundPresent study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of Eugenia jambolana. The influence of season and geographical location on diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi has been analyzed. Antibacterial activity of isolated fungal species has also been investigated against MDR bacterial strains.ResultA total of 1896 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from healthy, surface sterilized tissues of leaf, stem and petiole tissues during summer, monsoon and winter season. Out of 24 fungal species isolated, 20 species belong to class Ascomycetes, 2 to Basidiomycetes and 2 to Zygomycetes. Maximum species diversity was in rainy season whereas colonization frequency was in winter. All the diversity indices showed maximum species diversity at site 5 (Yamunanager), rainy among the seasons and leaf among the tissues studied. Aspergillus genus was most frequently isolated. Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata were most dominant species. Three way ANOVA results showed that effect of season was highly significant on species diversity in relation to sites and tissues. 60 % endophytic fungal extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against one or more than one MDR bacterial strain.ConclusionDifferent fungal species were recovered from different sites but the inter-site comparisons were not significant according to Jaccard similarity coefficient. Diversity of such fungal endophytes indicates that Eugenia jambolana plant acts as an ecosystem facilitating survival of many microbes with impressive antibacterial potential.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0664-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Present study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of Eugenia jambolana
Different fungal species were recovered from different sites but the inter-site comparisons were not significant according to Jaccard similarity coefficient
Diversity of such fungal endophytes indicates that Eugenia jambolana plant acts as an ecosystem facilitating survival of many microbes with impressive antibacterial potential
Summary
Present study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of Eugenia jambolana. Eugenia jambolana (Schizium cumini) commonly known as Jamun or black plum is a popular plant in various traditional medicinal systems. It is well known cultivated tree of family Myrtaceae having large canopy. Microbes that colonize the internal plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to their host plant are termed as endophytes [4, 5]. They spend the whole or at least a part of their life cycle, inter or intracellular
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