Abstract
Spatial analysis in archaeology has seen constant evolution since it was conceived in the 1970s. The initial focus was on statistical analyses of spatial data to elucidate patterns, trends, differences, or associations within intra‐site or regional distributions. The adoption of geographical information systems (GIS) by the 1990s fostered a more visual approach to spatial analysis, permitted consideration of large regional datasets, and expanded the nature of spatial questions. Initial applications focused on predictive models of archaeological location, with a later focus on viewshed studies, least‐cost pathways, and territory definitions as they bear on archaeological distributions. In the 2000s, more powerful computing, geospatial technologies that yield vast amounts of spatial data from the ground, air, or space, and improved software have promoted further changes. Computer‐intensive algorithms have expanded GIS into new domains and have led to new spatial statistics that recognize interdependencies and perform at multiple scales.
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