Spatial Analysis of The Human Development Index in Indonesia Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

In 2020 Indonesia’s HDI reached 71.94 or in a very high category, it is in 107th place out of 189. The HDI in every province in Indonesia shows varying numbers and has increased every year, but there has been a slowdown increase from 2019 to 2020, which caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the variables which affect HDI in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, it also to analyze Covid-19 pandemic affect HDI in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative method with descriptive analysis and inferential analysis by spatial regression using geoda software. The HDI before the Covid-19 pandemic is significantly affected by the percentage of poor residents and the university gross enrollment rate, while the during Covid-19 pandemic, HDI is also significantly affected by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and ratio of the number of hospital beds to 1.000 residents. Based on the spatial dependency test, it is known that there is a spatial dependency for HDI in Indoncovid-10esia during Covid-19 pandemic period. From these results, it is necessary to have a policy that is oriented to reducing poverty, increasing the scope of education services, improving macroeconomic conditions in a region and also ensure a sufficient number of hospital beds, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.