Abstract
Background: Hepatoma associated with hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem in Shenzhen (China) and worldwide. China has the largest number of people infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and many studies have demonstrated that HBV infection is associated with hepatoma development. Shenzhen officials have been attempting to monitor and control these diseases for many years. The methodology and the results of this study may be useful in developing a system to monitor, prevent and control these diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to analyze HBV infection and hepatoma distribution characteristics and patterns in Shenzhen by combining geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial analysis. The study used data from patients at the district level from the 2010–2012 population censuses. Results: Only one-third of the patients were female, and 70.7% of all cases were 20–50 years of age. There was no global spatial correlation of the distribution of hepatitis B infections and hepatomas; however, there was a local spatial correlation, and certain sub-districts of the Nanshan district had significant agglomeration effects. Based on incidence density and rate maps, we can conclude that the Shenzhen special zone had a higher incidence density and rate of hepatitis B infections and hepatomas compared with the area outside of the Shenzhen special zone during 2010–2012. Conclusions: This study demonstrated substantial geographic variation in the incidence of hepatitis B infection and hepatoma in Shenzhen. The prediction and control of hepatitis B infections and hepatoma development and interventions for these diseases should focus on disadvantaged areas to reduce disparities. GIS and spatial analysis play an important role in public health risk-reduction programs and may become integral components in the epidemiologic description, analysis and risk assessment of hepatitis B and hepatoma.
Highlights
China has the largest number of people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide and more than one-third of the World’s 350 to 400 million chronic HBV carriers have lived in China [1]
The positivity rate for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in the general population decreased from 9.75% during 1992–1995 to 7.18% in 2006, and the percent positive for children under the age of five has decreased to below 1%, which approaches the rates in Europe and North America [2]
For the hepatitis B and hepatoma analysis study, there were a total of 15,352 cases from 2010 to
Summary
China has the largest number of people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide and more than one-third of the World’s 350 to 400 million chronic HBV carriers have lived in China [1].Hepatitis B remains a major public health and social problem, the prevalence has been decreasing. Many studies have demonstrated that HBV is one of the 17 important pathogens associated with hepatoma. Hepatoma associated with hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem in Shenzhen (China) and worldwide. China has the largest number of people infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and many studies have demonstrated that. HBV infection is associated with hepatoma development. Shenzhen officials have been attempting to monitor and control these diseases for many years. The methodology and the results of this study may be useful in developing a system to monitor, prevent and control these diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to analyze HBV infection and hepatoma distribution characteristics and patterns in Shenzhen by combining geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial analysis.
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