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Abstract
Improving the logistics ecological efficiency (LEE) has become a significant part of ensuring a sustainable development and tackling environmental pollution. Previous studies in the logistics industry seldom considered air pollutants and the association of spatial information. Therefore, innovatively considering SO2, NOx, and PM, this study adopted the super-SBM-undesirable model to calculate the LEE of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019 and, thereafter, developed information-based matrix to explore its influencing factors by using the spatial Dubin model. The results indicated that (1) the overall LEE was low with the average of 0.657, presenting a three-stage trend of "decreasing first, then rising, and later stable," and significant regional differences with the decreasing gradient pattern of the "Eastern-Central-Western." (2) A spatial directionality distributed from the northeast to southwest and a significant spatial autocorrelation were observed. (3) The LEE had a significant positive spillover effect. Industrial structure, urbanization level, environmental regulation, and technological innovation level had a positive impact on the local LEE, and industrial structure displayed the most promoting effects. Energy intensity, economic level, energy structure, and opening level had a significant effect on the local LEE with varying degree of inhibition. Local energy intensity and environmental regulation had a positive influence on the LEE in neighboring areas, while local opening level had inhibiting effects. In addition, policy recommendations for enhancing the LEE were made.
Highlights
After decades of high-speed development, China is the world’s second largest economy
The results indicate that almost all provinces were either in the HH and LL clusters or had no obvious agglomeration, but were not in the LH and HL clusters, indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation of regions
The results indicate that each 1% decrease in energy intensity results in a corresponding increase in the local logistics ecological efficiency (LEE) by 0.3876%, but may result in the decrease in the LEE of the surrounding provinces by 0.4679%
Summary
After decades of high-speed development, China is the world’s second largest economy. China’s logistics industry must consider economic growth and ecological environment protection, and reduce the environmental impact of the logistics industry to the barest minimum; in other words, it must minimize the emissions of environmental pollutants and achieve a higher ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) under the given economic output conditions. Based on comprehensive and scientific principles (Caiado et al 2017), the LEE is defined as the ratio of its inputs (resource and energy) to outputs (economic and environmental). This can be used as an effective tool to measure the economic and ecological benefits of the logistics industry. The conclusions and suggestions are presented in the “Conclusions and policy recommendations” section
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