Abstract
Urban planning has been proven and is expected to promote public health by improving the built environment. With a focus on respiratory health, this paper explores the impact of the built environment on the incidence of lung cancer and its planning implications. While the occurrence of lung cancer is a complicated and cumulative process, it would be valuable to discover the potential risks of the built environment. Based on the data of 52,009 lung cancer cases in Shanghai, China from 2009 to 2013, this paper adopts spatial analytical methods to unravel the spatial distribution of lung cancer cases. With the assistance of geographic information system and Geo-Detector, this paper identifies certain built environments that are correlated with the distribution pattern of lung cancer cases in Shanghai, including the percentage of industrial land (which explains 28% of the cases), location factors (11%), and the percentages of cultivated land and green space (6% and 5%, respectively). Based on the quantitative study, this paper facilitates additional consideration and planning intervention measures for respiratory health such as green buffering. It is an ecological study to illustrate correlation that provides approaches for further study to unravel the causality of disease incidence and the built environment.
Highlights
Lung cancer has become a serious public health problem throughout the world
When industrial parks are excluded from the analysis, we find that geographical location is the most important environmental factor to explain the spatial distribution of lung cancer
The main finding of this study is that large industrial parks and their adjacent areas, high-density urban central areas and outer suburban areas, are high incidence areas of lung cancer in Shanghai
Summary
Lung cancer has become a serious public health problem throughout the world. According to data provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2018, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer ranked first among all cancers and the total number of new lung cancer cases worldwide was about 2.09 million, accounting for 11.6% of all new cancer cases, while the number of lung cancer deaths was about 1.76 million, accounting for 18.4% of all cancer deaths [1]. Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality in China. The mortality of lung cancer in China increased by 465% in the 30 years from 1983 to 2013 [3]. It is important to identify risk factors of lung cancer and to develop prevention policies involving all relevant areas
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