Abstract
Abstract. The Chad basin which covers an area of about 2.4 million kilometer square is one of the largest drainage basins in Africa in the centre of Lake Chad .This basin was formed as a result of rifting and drifting episode, as such it has no outlet to the oceans or seas. It contains large area of desert from the north to the west. The basin covers in part seven countries such as Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Niger, Sudan and Algeria. It is named Chad basin because 43.9% falls in Chad republic. Since its formation, the basin continues to experienced water shortage due to the activities of Dams combination, increase in irrigations and general reduction in rainfall. Chad basin needs an external water source for it to be function at sustainable level, hence needs for exploitation of higher east African river basin called Congo basin; which covers an area of 3.7 million square km lies in an astride the equator in west-central Africa-world second largest river basin after Amazon. The Congo River almost pans around republic of Congo, the democratic republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, western Zambia, northern Angola, part of Cameroun, and Tanzania. The remotely sensed imagery analysis and observation revealed that Congo basin is on the elevation of 275 to 460 meters and the Chad basin is on elevation of 240 meters. This implies that water can be drained from Congo basin via headrace down to the Chad basin for the water sustainability.
Highlights
The shrinking of Lake Chad, is a serious concern especially for the four African countries such as Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and Chad republic, which largely embedded on the Chad basin, it is becoming a giant human disaster
The objective of this paper is to investigate the management actions that have been employed to ensure sustainable use of the fragile water body.Experience shows that these shared resources, while serving the needs of the populations across national boundaries often constitute a major source of conflict among the users, as it is the case in the Nile Basin and the Bakassi Peninsular between Nigeria and Cameroon
River Oubangui which is major tributary of Congo basin can recharge the Chad basin, the difference in elevation is the bases for water from Congo basin to flow down to Chari lake and subsequently to Chad basin
Summary
The shrinking of Lake Chad, is a serious concern especially for the four African countries such as Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and Chad republic, which largely embedded on the Chad basin, it is becoming a giant human disaster. The Lake Chad is an endorheic (closed) drainage basin that retains inflow of water but allows no outflow to other bodies such as rivers or oceans. The depth of the sea was over 180 meters (600ft) in most regions and covered over 441, 584 km (154, 400 square miles) of Central African land before draining into the Atlantic Ocean through the Benue River in present day Nigeria During this period, which lasted for about 2000 years, large areas of North and Central Africa had hydrographic profiles that were significantly different from. Benefit an estimated 20 million people living around its shores in the seven basin countries These include Nigeria, Niger, Algeria, Sudan, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad and Cameroon. Its vast wetland is home to wide varieties of biodiversity
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