Abstract
Spatial modulation of acoustic wave has demonstrated theoretical and experimental importance in the field of acoustics, with wide applications such as in medical ultrasound and particle manipulation. However, the existing means for acoustic modulation have to rely on the acoustic metasurfaces providing only pure phase modulation or active element arrays with complicated fabrications and limited spatial resolutions. In this work, we present the design, numerical simulation, and experimental demonstration of a spatial acoustic modulator (SAM) capable of manipulating the phase and amplitude profiles separately and continuously, offering the possibility to address the above challenges by enabling arbitrarily complex acoustical patterns. The proposed structure has a simple configuration with planar profile, high efficiency of spatial modulation, and deep-subwavelength unit scale, ensuring easy and low-cost fabrication and nearly-continuous wavefront manipulation. The designed SAM is used to project high-quality acoustic holograms both theoretically and experimentally to demonstrate its wave-steering functionality. Our metastructure-based holographic projector with simplicity and extreme acoustic performance advances the capability of spatial acoustic modulation, and have various applications in places where the conventional techniques would lead to complexity and limited ability.
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