Sparsely Excited Tightly Coupled Dipole Arrays Based on Irregular Array Techniques

Abstract

An innovative architecture for sparsely excited tightly coupled dipole arrays is proposed, based on the irregular array techniques. In such a framework, an improved maximumentropy model considering the difference of embedded element patterns is applied to optimize the irregular partition to suppress the grating lobes. Meanwhile, guidelines for the entire design procedure including antenna elements, power dividers, and optimization design of irregular feeding networks are presented. In order to achieve large elevation angle scanning, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used to synthesize active pattern and active reflection coefficient simultaneously. Finally, a 192-port prototype operating at 8-12 GHz has been fabricated and measured, where the port spacing is 0.576λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the highest frequency). Numerical and experimental results show that the prototype array is able to achieve the reduction of gain <; 1 dB for scanning to near broadside and about 2.7 dB for scanning up to 60°, in comparison with that of conventional Taylor arrays.