Abstract
Vocatives have never played a central role in linguistic research in either the field of grammar or in pragmatics. The aim of the present article is to focus on the pragmatic functions of Spanish vocatives in the context of speech acts. During my investigations for my PhD project on deictic expressions it became clear that vocatives are used for many purposes in Spanish dialogue. I also noticed that the use of vocatives was in many cases related to the concept of „face“. In the following I discuss eight different pragmatic functions of vocatives, including their role as down and upgraders in face-threatning and face-supporting acts.
Highlights
Vocatives have never played a central role in linguistic research in either the field of grammar or in pragmatics
The aim of the present article is to focus on the pragmatic functions of Spanish vocatives in the context of speech acts
During my investigations for my PhD project on deictic expressions it became clear that vocatives are used for many purposes in Spanish dialogue
Summary
Vokativer optræder i diverse sproghandlingstyper, hvor de udøver forskellige pragmatiske funktioner. Eksempel på sidstnævnte er betinget trussel (fx Hvis du ikke holder op, siger jeg det til far og mor), der involverer begge parter i dialogen, idet afsender forsøger at styre modtagers adfærd samtidig med, at han selv forpligter sig til at udføre en anden handling. Udtrykker afsenders forpligtelse til at udføre en handling samtidig med, at han forsøger at styre modtagers adfærd (fx tilbud). Den markerede vokativ er ikke-neutral og tager direkte sigte på de interpersonelle relationer dialogpartnerne imellem. Den umarkerede vokativ er neutral og benyttes af afsender, når denne ikke ønsker at sætte fokus på de interpersonelle relationer dialogpartnerne imellem. Da det kun er den markerede brug, der har interesse for min analyse udelades de umarkerede vokativer, herunder opmærksomhedsmarkører. Forholdet kan således være AM (fx voksen – barn). 12 Direkte oversat: Deres Majestæt
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