Abstract
BackgroundThe Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a tool designed to evaluate the impact of shoulder pathology. The aim of this study was to cross culturally adapt a Spanish version of the SPADI for Spanish population with a musculoskeletal shoulder pain, and to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).MethodsCross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines. To assess factor structure, a confirmatory factor analysis was done. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Item-total and inter-item correlations were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the convergent validity between SPADI and quick-DASH.ResultsA new Spanish version of SPADI was achieved. The original SPADI factor structure was tested by CFA, obtaining a poor fit: relative chi-square (χ2/df) 3.16, CFI 0.89, NFI 0.92, and RMSEA 0.10 (90 % CI 0.08 to 0.12). An additional model was tested, after deleting items which have had a poor adjustment in the model (1, 11, and 12), obtaining the best fit: relative chi-square (χ2/df) of 1.94, CFI 0.98, NFI 0.95, GFI 0,95, and RMSEA 0.06 (90 % CI 0.04 to 0.09). The analysis confirmed the bidimensional structure (pain and disability subscales). A correlation Spearman’s Rho coefficient of 0.752 (p < 0.0001) and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 were obtained.ConclusionsThis study validated a new 10-items version of SPADI for Spanish population with musculoskeletal shoulder pain providing a patient reported outcome measure that could be used in both clinical practice and research.
Highlights
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a tool designed to evaluate the impact of shoulder pathology
In the pilot testing phase, results showed no discrepancies in meaning or terminology used in the translated version of the SPADI
The original SPADI factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), obtaining a poor fit: relative chi-square (x2/df) 3.16, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.89, Normed Fit Index (NFI) 0.92, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.10
Summary
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a tool designed to evaluate the impact of shoulder pathology. Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions seen in primary care [1], after low back and neck pain. The assessment has focused on the impairments associated with shoulder pathology by evaluating the range of motion, strength, or pain [10]. Patients are more concerned with the activity limitations that result from these impairments. This has lead to an increasing emphasis on patient reported outcome (PRO) measures
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