Abstract
The 1918 Spanish flu, 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were investigated to reveal their causes and routes of transmission. They have the common features such as 1) the induction by viruses (Spanish flu; avian influenza virus (AIV), SARS and MERS-CoV; coronavirus), 2) the outbreak during the maximal sunspot number, 3) the aeolian desert dust region (Spanish flu; Saharan, SARS; Asian, MERS-CoV; Arabian), and 4) similar incubation period (AIV; 5, SARS; 2 - 7, MERS-CoV; 5 days), 5) different transmission reservoir (Spanish flu; aquatic bird/swine, SARS; bat, MERS-CoV; bat/dromedary camel). When carbon dioxide (CO2) combustion emissions were simultaneously high at the maximal sunspot number, UV radiation in the Poles was so extensive to mutate the aquatic virus through the food web to be the fundamental reason for these pandemic. Guangdong Province and Hong Kong in China are the source of 2002-2003 SARS. The stranded dead whales and dolphins along the coast of the Persian Gulf might be fed on by coastal animals in the Arabian Desert to transmit MERS-CoV. Mutations in the hot temperature in the Arabian Desert and Persian Gulf, and the maximal sunspot numbers were observed in Saudi Arabia. Saudi crude burn in power plants since 2009 with coincidental outbreaks of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia since 2012 peaking in 2014. The reduction of CO2 emissions by nuclear power plants is a unique solution to decrease MERS-CoV outbreaks.
Highlights
Over the past 100 years there have been serious diseases with high mobidity and mortality
The present study investigated the individual serious diseases of the 1918 the Spanish flu, 2002 SARS, and 2012 MERS-CoV revealing their causes and routes of transmission to prevent future human fatalities
Since Guangdong Province and Hong Kong are located on the long coastline of the South China Sea with mild temperatures, high relative humidity and ideal habitats with small islands for migratory birds, such locations could be the source of 2002-2003 SARS
Summary
Over the past 100 years there have been serious diseases with high mobidity and mortality. The maximal sunspot number, equivalent to the case of “welldone”, produces the strongest ultraviolet (UV) radiation to induce the least number of aquatic viruses in the Poles as deadly mutants for 2002 SARS in Hong Kong of China. UV radiation is mild enough for the aquatic virus to survive during the minimal sunspot number, so its mutant viruses are transmitted as AIV to the Continents [6]. The present study investigated the individual serious diseases of the 1918 the Spanish flu, 2002 SARS, and 2012 MERS-CoV revealing their causes and routes of transmission to prevent future human fatalities
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