Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Wisconsin Gait Scale.

Cecilia Estrada-Barranco,Javier López-Ruiz,Vanesa Abuín-Porras,Francisco Molina-Rueda,Roberto Cano-De-La-Cuerda,Ismael Sanz-Esteban

doi:10.3390/ijerph18136903

Abstract

Introduction: the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) has been shown to be a valid and quick tool for analyzing gait in post-stroke people in the clinical setting. Its widespread use has led to versions of the scale in other languages, but so far there has been no version in Spanish. Objective: to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the WGS for use in the Spanish-speaking population and to analyze the content validity. Materials and methods: the Spanish version was obtained using the double translation method and back translation method, followed by a review by an expert committee. This expert committee evaluated the content validity index (CVI) for each item on the version obtained and for the entire scale (scale content validity index (S-CVI)). The item content validity index (I-CIV) was calculated as the number of experts whose score had been 3 or 4 divided by the total number of experts. To obtain the S-CVI, the middle of the I-CVI was calculated for all the items on the scale. Results: the Spanish version of the WGS was obtained after the expert committee evaluation. The CVI was excellent for its general assessment (0.91), excellent for 85.7% of its items (≥0.78), and good for 14.3% of the CVI (≥0.72). Conclusions: the Spanish version of the WGS was developed through a process of cross-cultural adaptation from its original English version, and, according to an expert committee, it had an excellent content validity.

Highlights

Gait analysis is an essential part of the evaluation of a patient who has suffered a stroke
Several walking alterations have been described in stroke patients: pelvic anteversion during the stance period, increased or decreased hip and knee flexion during the initial contact, and toe-off and increased ankle plantar flexion during the toe-off [2]
With respect to the Spanish translations, there were three differences in terms of form but not content, which were mainly derived from the literal translation and the lack of clinical knowledge of one of the translators

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Gait analysis is an essential part of the evaluation of a patient who has suffered a stroke. Understanding the problems that have a negative effect on the gait pattern provides information on the patient’s functional status, helps with the design of therapeutic strategies, and quantifies the progress achieved through rehabilitation [1]. Several walking alterations have been described in stroke patients: pelvic anteversion during the stance period, increased or decreased hip and knee flexion during the initial contact, and toe-off and increased ankle plantar flexion during the toe-off [2]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion