Abstract
Formation cross sections of spallation products in the nuclear reactions of tantalum, tungsten, and gold by 12 GeV protons were measured with the γ-ray spectroscopy for 58, 73, and 80 product nuclides, respectively. The present data were used to obtain the charge-dispersion and mass-yield curves by the least-squares analysis in the mass region of product nuclides from 40 to 110 for tantalum and tungsten and from 40 to 130 for gold. The N/Z ratio at the charge-dispersion peak was determined to be approximately 1.23 for all the three targets which have the average N/Z ratio of 1.49. This result is consistent with that obtained for medium-mass targets. The mass-yield curves are compared with results of Monte Carlo simulations of an intranuclear cascade-evaporation model. They are in qualitative agreement in the mass range of the spallation products greater than a half of the target mass.
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