Abstract
This essay briefly surveys political violence in Spain since 1968 and describes the principal domestic groups engaged in terrorism, including their history, political objectives and principal actions. A selected chronology of Middle Eastern terrorism in Spain and a brief description of Galician terrorism are also provided. Governmental and societal responses to terrorism are then discussed. A history of the political measures taken towards solving the Basque problem is coupled with ETA's responses in order to highlight the persistence of terrorism despite significant concessions and reform. The strengths and weaknesses of various counter‐terrorist measures are assessed and the principal anti‐terrorist organizations are described. Finally, the contribution provides five general principles that should guide democratic governments in their fight against terrorism: a well‐defined political aim; a clear, centralized chain of command; adherence to the rule of law; a strong and centralized intelligence capabilit...
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