Abstract
Abstract European colonialism began with the Crusades. When their fast gains were lost and the trade routes to the Far East were permanently blocked by the Ottoman Turks in the fifteenth century, Europe turned elsewhere. The lead nations this time were Portugal and Spain. The targets: Africa, the coasts of South Asia, and the hitherto unknown lands across the Atlantic. Slaves and gold more than any lasting benefit of diversified trade repaid the crowned heads who launched the expeditions. To the colonists fell the chance for a new life.
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