Spacer microbial contamination and asthma outcomes: case series

Abstract

Objective The primary method of drug delivery to treat asthma is through pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). Asthma guidelines recommend that providers prescribe a spacer for all patients using pMDI. The objective of this study was to examine whether microbial contamination of spacer devices is associated with poor asthma outcomes. Methods This was a cross-sectional, single-center case series of seven pediatric patients with persistent asthma who had previously been prescribed a spacer. Spacers were swabbed with sterile cotton and samples assessed for bacterial/fungal growth. Parents completed a questionnaire including Asthma Control Test (ACT) and asthma control was assessed by an Allergist/Immunologist physician. Results Two (n = 2) children’s parent-completed ACT score indicated poorly controlled asthma and three (n = 3) patients were noted to be poorly controlled by the physician. All but one caregiver reported cleaning the spacer with most reporting (n = 5) that they cleaned their child’s spacer monthly and one (n = 1) reporting cleaning it every two weeks. One spacer had detected Candida albicans. There was not a statistically significant association between ACT score and microbial growth (p > 0.05). Conclusion Most spacers in a pediatric sample were not contaminated, despite lack of consistent cleaning, as recommended by spacer manufacturers. Providers and pharmacists should discuss proper cleaning of spacers with caregivers of pediatric patients.