Abstract

Intense radiation devices such as microwave tubes, free-electron lasers (FELs) and masers, utilize distributed interaction between an electron beam and electromagnetic radiation. We developed a three-dimensional, space-frequency theory for the analysis and simulation of radiation excitation and propagation in electron devices and free-electron lasers operating in millimeter wavelengths. The total electromagnetic field (radiation and space-charge waves) is presented in the frequency domain as an expansion in terms of transverse eigen-modes of the (cold) cavity, in which the field is excited and propagates. The mutual interaction between the electron beam and the electromagnetic field is fully described by coupled equations, expressing the evolution of mode amplitudes and electron beam dynamics. The approach is applied in a numerical particle code WB3D, simulating the interaction of a free-electron laser operating in the linear and non-linear regimes.

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