SPACECRAFT AND ROCKET LUBRICATION CRITERIA

Abstract

LUBRICANTS capable of lubricating mechanisms intended for use in present and future missile satellite systems and spacecraft must provide long‐time operational reliability under a variety of earth and space environmental and operational conditions. For example, the lubricants will be exposed to conditions attendant to ground activities; to short‐time operations during the launch, ascent and re‐entry and to extended operations in orbit. Ground operations include exposure to test and check out procedures, handling and transportation, exposure to elements and to possible fuel or oxidizer spillage. Under launch, ascent, and re‐entry, the effects of heavy shock, severe vibration, high and low temperature, and possibly fuel and oxidizer exposure, may be expected. When in orbit, the lubricant must still provide satisfactory lubrication despite the effects of ultra‐high vacuum, zero gravity, temperature extremes, and radiation exposure. Add to these requirements the compatibility factor and some idea of the demands placed on aerospace lubricants may tend to take form. It is unlikely that any one lubricant, even of the solid film type will be applicable to all these conditions; therefore, it appears quite likely that the solid film will be individually tailored to each specific application. As will be noted further that the Denver Division of the Martin Company allows the use of three distinct type solid film dry lubricants. It is expected that more will be added when environmental testing proves reliable under a specific set of requirements.