Abstract
As we are entering the 5G era, high demand is made of wireless communication. Consistent effort has been ongoing in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which provide correlation on temporal and spatial domain, to meet the high throughput demand. To handle the characteristic nature of wireless channel effectively and improve the system performance, this paper considers the combination of diversity and equalization. Space-Time trellis code is combined with single-carrier modulation using two-choice equalization techniques, namely: minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer and orthogonal triangular (QR) detection. MMSE gives an optimal balance between noise enhancement and net inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the transmitted signal. Use of these equalizers provides the platform of investigating the bit error rate (BER) and the pairwise error probability (PEP) at the receiver, as well as the effect of cyclic prefix reduction on the receivers. It was found that the MMSE receiver outperforms the QR receiver in terms of BER, while in terms of PEP; the QR receiver outperforms the MMSE receiver. When a cyclic prefix reduction test was carried out on both receivers, it yields a significant reduction in BER of both receivers but has no significant effect on the overall performance.
Highlights
The choice of receiver architecture determines the outcome of signals received in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system
Single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) has comparable performance to OFDM, as well as similarity in complexity of operation: the transmit structure of SC-FDE makes it viable for use in uplink transmission in mobile communication [8], but the receiver structure is quite similar to OFDM since the core of the receiver is greatly dependent on the equalization technique
At 10−4 the pairwise error probability (PEP) obtained for space-time trellis coding (STTC) has a gain of 4 dB over STTC-minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and 2 dB over STTC-QR
Summary
Space-time coding in trellis modulation is combined with single-carrier modulation. For the choice of equalizers, the MMSE equalizer and QR detection were used. MMSE forms the basic building blocks of most known linear equalizers and gives an optimal balance between noise enhancement and net ISI in the transmitted signal [9, 10]. QR detection is an equalization technique used in Vertical Bell Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) architecture that factorizes the channel matrix into unitary and upper triangular matrices, making MIMO system to become a causal system [11]. Comparison of the bit error rate (BER) performance was done for uplink transmission for both 3G and 4G architectures using the QR detection and MMSE in single-carrier modulation in space-coding
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