Abstract
To describe the space-time evolution of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, during the first year of the pandemic. An ecological study was carried out. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Incidence and mortality rates, excess risk, Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), local indicator for spatial association, standardized incidence ratio, and standardized mortality ratio were estimated for neighborhoods in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Over the first year of the pandemic, registries in the city of Rio de Janeiro included 204,888 cases and 19,017 deaths due to COVID-19. During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021. Bonsucesso was the neighborhood with the highest incidence and mortality rates, and throughout the neighborhoods and months, there is no synchrony between the worst moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors emphasize the need for implementing more rigid control and prevention measures, increasing case detection, and accelerating the COVID-19 immunization campaign.
Highlights
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first notified to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, by China[1]
During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021
During the first year of the pandemic, 204,888 confirmed cases and 19,017 confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 were registered in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro
Summary
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first notified to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, by China[1]. With the rapid spread of the virus, on January 30, 2020 the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)[2]. Until February 28, 2021, over 113 million cases and 2.5 million deaths were registered worldwide[4]. In Brazil, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of National Concern (PHENC) on February 3, 2020, even before the confirmation of the first case, which occurred on February 26, 2020 in the state of São Paulo[5,6]. On February 28, 2021, over 10.5 million cases and 254 thousand deaths were registered in the country. The Southeast region has 36% of cases and 46% of deaths in Brazil, and the state of Rio de Janeiro is the fifth with the highest number of cases (583,044) and the second in deaths (33,080) in the country[6]
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