Space Shuttle application of RLV technologies

Abstract

The X-33 program will design and build an uncrewed sub-orbital flight vehicle with the objective of validating the technology for low cost operational approaches on future launch systems. Industry and investors will be able to utilize this data in developing their marketing analysis for commercial application of this technology to the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program. The X-33 program is the best single approach to validating technology and approaches needed in these future launch systems operations. However, the Space Shuttle brings forward an excellent opportunity to further capitalize on the X-33 developments of these new and advanced technologies. A case-by-case analysis comparing total cost, risk, time phasing, and applicability of RLV technologies which may be suited for utilization on the Shuttle program. The Space Shuttle system can benefit directly from the development of these technologies by improving safety capability, reducing the cost of operations, and reducing the time required for turnaround, and increasing payload delivery. In this scenario, the Space Shuttle, the X-33, and the eventual RLV programs can function in parallel and provide the tax payers with an enhanced return. Many studies have been undertaken for the last 15 to 20 years showing how new technologies can enhance the system. Both Rockwell and the Johnson Space Center have completed studies illustrating the potential merits of upgrading the STS orbiter and support systems. The Shuttle program is maturing and has proven to be a very reliable and versatile system. It has flown 78 times since it first flew in 1981 (Figure 1) and has achieved vehicle success rates second to none (Figure 2). The Main engine has experienced no critical inflight failures in the 15 years of operation. Over $700 million has been spent by the NASA on Shuttle improvements during FY 1995. We are working with the NASA to expand these ongoing projects to further improve the system. Table 1 contains a brief listing of candidate RLV technologies that could be utilized on the Space Shuttle. This is further broken down into a more Figure 1. Mission Accomplishments American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics