Abstract

AbstractSpace shift keying (SSK) is a multiple‐input, multiple‐output system where the indices of the transmit antennas form the constellation symbols and no other data symbol is transmitted. In this paper, amplify‐and‐forward (AF) multiple‐input, multiple‐output relaying techniques with an SSK system are proposed and analysed. Single and multiple relays are located between the source and the destination and used to forward the transmitted messages from the source to the destination. Conventional AF relaying in which all relays amplify their received signal and forward it to the destination at specific time slot and opportunistic AF relaying where only the best relay is activated and all other relays are kept silent are considered. The receiver, with a single receive antenna, applies optimum detector to retrieve the transmitted information bits. Closed‐form bit error ratio expressions are provided for a source equipped with two transmit antennas. Additionally, a good approximate upper bound is derived for higher number of transmit antennas. The analytical results are validated through Monte Carlo simulation results. It is revealed that multiple relays can be considered to significantly enhance the performance of SSK system, and the diversity gain equals the number of existing relays. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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