Space Robotics

Abstract

This Chapter introduces the topic of space robotics to potential (scientific) users. As an introduction, some definitions and the rationale for space robotics are given. The main differences between space and terrestrial robots are highlighted, driven by the peculiar environmental, system, and programmatic constraints of space missions. Some common objections against the use of space robotics are mentioned and rebutted. A major part describes the typical architecture, sub-systems, and some key technologies of space robot systems, discerning between the arm type and mobile robots (rovers). The interdisciplinary system character of space robotics is emphasised. Next, the currently perceived application scenarios for space robotics are introduced: LEO applications for system servicing and payload tending, satellite servicing in GEO, the assembly of large orbiting structures, and applications in exploration missions to the Moon, Mars, comets, asteroids, and other celestial bodies. Throughout, the main robotic functions are presented and the most eminent robotic systems are described which have been operated or are under development. Finally, the practical usage of space robots is illustrated. The concept of the robot as a transparent tool for the ground user is stressed, and a systematic methodology for developing investigations involving space robots is proposed. The Chapter closes with some suggestions for more “non-conventional” scientific uses of space robots and general conclusions. High-level literature is indicated to deepen the appreciation and understanding of the technology and its applications.