Space Review Study: Human Factors Engineering's Role in Unmanned Space Operations

Abstract

Abstract : This Space Review Study was conducted to ascertain the state-of-the-art in ground-based satellite control, estimate the impact of human error on satellite operations, review existing research in satellite control, and recommend a human engineering research and development program to reduce error and correct deficiencies. The Study found that much of contemporary satellite control uses legacy computer systems and display information in text format, while controlling using the command line interface. Later systems use windows and graphical user interface technology, which is only a small increment in functionality. The existing literature on satellite control is sparse because of the classified nature of many systems--reluctance to permit studies and/or data collection, or because of a reluctance to advertise error. The proposed human engineering research and development program advocates cognitive engineering of displays and control, modeling for design, testing and training, real-time satellite operations, intelligent agents and/or aiding, monitoring on-board automation, creation of an operator error data base, and extending display and control guidelines. Further, three different ways are described to facilitate the laboratory space program: collaborative partners, a common satellite model, and a shared research facility. There appears to be sufficient justification for a human engineering program addressing ground control of space operations. This research and development program will result in significant improvement in operational effectiveness, reduced manpower requirements, and savings in training costs.