Abstract
Not all worshippers live in similar qualities and quantities of space. This paper discusses specifically the space of worship in informal, densely populated settlements in Jakarta known as kampongs, in which citizens occupy the space below standard (Indonesian national standard of living space = 9m2/person). Such circumstances mean that almost every daily activity undertaken by kampong inhabitants overlaps, and worship activity is no exception. To understand the site, space, and place of worship usage in kampong areas, this research aims to understand how the inhabitants create and embed sacredness, or ‘spiritual’ indicators, into their worship activities. In addition to deep observation by actively participating in the kampong’s worship activity, this research completed by a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with various people living in the kampong, both directly and indirectly related to worship activity. The research found that the limitation of space does not hinder the kampong inhabitants in carrying out their worship activities. Even though mostly always overlapping with other activities, worshippers always find a way to negotiate their worship activities in such limitations.
Highlights
The entrepreneurial career selection behaviour in entrepreneurship through entrepreneurial education is one of the ways to create perceptions and equip individuals with strong entrepreneurial knowledge and skills (Henderson and Robertson, 2000); (Ishak Hj Abdul Rahman et al, 2006)); (Robertson et al, 2003)
This is parallel with the study of Nor Aishah Buang dan Ruhizan Mohd Yassin (2008) which found that too few entrepreneurship courses were given to students from majors such as engineering majors and science majors. They are not given the opportunity to pursue entrepreneurial education. This opinion was supported by the study conducted by which states that there are only four public higher education institutions offering entrepreneurial courses for students at the Faculty of Engineering not included in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
General Hypothesis (H05.1): “There is no significant difference in the level of entrepreneurship intention of engineering students in UTM, UTHM, and UTeM based on entrepreneurship education”
Summary
The entrepreneurial career selection behaviour in entrepreneurship through entrepreneurial education is one of the ways to create perceptions and equip individuals with strong entrepreneurial knowledge and skills (Henderson and Robertson, 2000); (Ishak Hj Abdul Rahman et al, 2006)); (Robertson et al, 2003). Formal and informal entrepreneurial education is an initial inventory of individual development that is necessary for those who want to become an entrepreneur (Kuratko, 2009); (Zaidatol, 2010). The incentives for entrepreneurship are in line with statistics from the Department of Statistics, Malaysia which shows an increase in the number of unemployed graduates at 3.1 percent and has given significant challenges to higher education institutions (Nor Hafiza and Binti Othman, 2012); (Marcela et al, 2012); (Ioana Panc et al, 2012); (Nihan et al, 2012); (Nor Fadhilah Nasharudin and Halimah Harun, 2010); (Salmah et al, 2009); (Nor Aishah Buang dan Ruhizan Mohd Yassin, 2008); (Hoe Chee Hee, 2006); (Nor Aishah Buang et al, 2005) to develop quality graduates and have a variety of skills. In order to increase the intention of engineering graduates to venture into entrepreneurship, this study is conducted to identify the significant differences in the entrepreneurial intention level of final year students and to identify whether there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship career behavior
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