Abstract

Symmetry determination remains as a powerful and fascinating application of CBED techniques. As pointed out by Gjønnes & Moodie and later developed by Steeds & Vincent, the appearance of lines of missing intensity (G-M lines) in certain kinematically forbidden reflections in CBED patterns can be analyzed to obtain information about the presence and type of translational symmetry elements in the crystal space group, such as screw axis and glide planes. However, the microscopist must be aware of numerous pitfalls in analyzing G-M lines as they can be confused with other diffuse scattering (2-D diffraction) present in most CBED patterns. Furthermore, unambiguous determination of exact translational symmetry elements and their orientation requires careful choice of zone axis, voltage and analysis of indices of the forbidden reflections. When done properly, such experiments reveal the exact location and type of translational symmetry elements, e.g. whether the glide plane is a, b, c, n or d type.

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