Abstract
This essay considers how social actors in news have come to shape the contours of news and journalism and what these changes may suggest for other industries. It looks more specifically at the question of who does journalism and news and what that may signal for power dependencies, status, and norms formation. It examines how authors who contributed to this thematic issue define who gets to decide what is news and journalism, what forms of power are exerted amongst groups, who gets to claim status, and how norms and epistemologies are formed. Ultimately, this essay illustrates how conformity to groups and organizations varies with the investments that these social actors have to core and more peripheral journalism and media groups.
Highlights
Twenty-first century capitalism and globalization involve a proliferation of emerging social actors across a broad swath of industries and professions
News and journalism offer a lens into the growing importance of these social actors as well as the perspectives and digital innovations they may help foster in an evolving professional landscape
Four forms of proximity help develop understandings of the impact that peripheral players may have on innovation in news organizations. In each of these articles and commentaries, the who these actors are becomes a question of how they are intertwined in journalism and for what purposes and effects
Summary
Twenty-first century capitalism and globalization involve a proliferation of emerging social actors across a broad swath of industries and professions. This is done at the peril of angels dancing on pinheads, so to speak, because a number of studies have recently taken up considerations of the varying forms of actors, parsing from labels such as outside and peripheral actors to media interlopers to explicit and implicit interlopers and intralopers (see Eldridge, 2017; Holton & Belair-Gagnon, 2018) This layering of labels and definitions, though, suggests a need for contextualizing a complex set of actors and factors contributing to changes in the processes and power of journalism and related industries that considers, rather than rejects, the importance of nuancing (see Ryfe, 2019). While journalists and the news media may continue their attempts to maintain professional boundaries through meta-journalistic discourse (Carlson, 2017), there are critical discussions about how the registration of journalists as a form of accreditation in some countries calls for criticism from a freedom of expression perspective since this may well lead to control and exclusion (see Posetti, 2017)
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