Space electronuclear generators studies in france

Abstract

France is currently engaged in a multiyear feasibility study of space nuclear power systems and their associated new space missions. Our specifications, for a reference generator called “ERATO”, have been driven by an orbital transfer mission using electric propulsors for high energy orbit transfer, and the use of an Ariane 5 class rocket for low energy orbit transportation. With these specifications, we obtained an optimum space nuclear power system that we have studied in more detail. Other applications have been studied, including the power source for a space station, a large space radar, an infrared telescope with cryo-cooled optics. The reference ERATO system uses four Brayton cycle turboalternators as energy conversion subsystems and a very large radiator of the 140 square meter class. Our preferred reactor is a fast neutron, high uranium enrichment, lithium cooled reactor. We have studied the orbital safety of the system in order to avoid any reentry of active nuclear wastes. France have begun the laboratory research and development work on ERATO in 1986, for a first launch around 2005, in a prudent, step by step, safe approach. European nations are invited to cooperate.