Space active optics sensing and control for earth observation at high angular resolution

Abstract

Discoveries in astronomy and earth science lie on the capabilities of the space observatories to see fainter objects and smaller details. This need of high collecting power and high angular resolution implies instruments with large primary mirrors. However, a simple scaling of existing space telescopes leads to bigger optical elements and structure that exceed the allocated volume and launch mass capability of medium size launchers. Due to volume, weight and cost constraints on satellites, the next generation of large telescopes must combine innovative and compact optical concepts using lightweight primary mirrors and structures. Furthermore the lightweighting of primary mirrors and structures reduce their stiffness and make them more deformable under static and dynamic load. Also, the compactness needed implies primary mirrors with low focal ratio and a small distance between primary and secondary mirrors. This leads to an optical train more sensitive to misalignment.