Abstract
背景与目的成纤维细胞活化蛋白(fibroblast activation protein, FAP)是肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAFs)的表面标志物之一,与CAFs的恶性表征关系密切,SP13786是FAP的特异性小分子抑制剂。本研究探讨SP13786作用于CAFs后,CAFs外泌体(exosomes, exo)对A549细胞迁移、侵袭的影响与机制。方法原代提取CAFs和癌旁成纤维细胞(peri-tumer fibroblasts, PTFs);MTT实验检测不同浓度SP13786对CAFs增殖的影响;聚合物沉淀法提取PTFs-exo、CAFs-exo以及CAFs+SP13786-exo。将A549细胞设对照组、PTFs组、CAFs组及CAFs+SP13786组并分别以等体积的DMEM、PTFs-exo、CAFs-exo及CAFs+SP13786-exo孵育细胞。激光共聚焦实验检测A549细胞摄取外泌体的情况;免疫荧光、免疫组化和Western blot方法检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、FAP在PTFs和CAFs中的表达及E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Slug、Stat3、P-Stat3在各组A549细胞中的表达;划痕实验和Transwell实验检测各组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。结果免疫荧光、免疫组化和Western blot结果均显示α-SMA、FAP在CAFs中高表达,在PTFs中低表达(P < 0.05),表明从肺腺癌组织和癌旁组织中分别成功获得了CAFs和PTFs。MTT实验测得SP13786对于CAFs细胞的半数抑制浓度(50% inhibitory concentration, IC50)约为3.3 nmol/L。免疫组化和Western blot结果显示与CAFs组相比,CAFs+SP13786组的α-SMA与FAP的表达显著降低(P < 0.05),说明抑制FAP可以显著降低CAFs的恶性表征。激光共聚焦结果显示外泌体能够被A549细胞所摄取。划痕实验与Transwell实验显示SP13786可抑制CAFs-exo对A549细胞迁移和侵袭的促进作用(P < 0.05)。与CAFs组比较,SP13786组A549细胞E-cadherin表达增多,N-cadherin与Slug表达降低(P < 0.05);免疫荧光与Western blot显示SP13786组A549细胞的P-Stat3较CAFs组明显降低(P < 0.05),而总Stat3无显著差异。Stat3的特异性抑制剂WP1066明显抑制CAFs组A549细胞上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT),P-Stat3显著降低(P < 0.05),而加入WP1066后再加入SP13786-exo,P-Stat3未见进一步减低,EMT的抑制亦未见显著变化(P > 0.05)。结论FAP的小分子特异性抑制剂SP13786通过影响CAFs外泌体间接抑制A549细胞的迁移、侵袭,其可能机制是抑制Stat3的磷酸化从而影响A549细胞的EMT。
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