Abstract
BackgroundSoyo-san is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 9 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in psychiatric disorders has been the focus of great research attention in recent years. In the present study, we detected the antidepressant effect of soyo-san in the ovariectomized and repeated stressed female rats.MethodsThis study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of soyo-san on the forced swimming test (FST). The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (non-op), the nonoperated and stressed group (non-op + ST), the ovariectomized and stress group (OVX) and sham operated and stressed group (sham), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OVX + ST), the ovariectomized, stressed and soyo-san 100 mg/kg treated group (SOY100) and the ovariectomized, stressed and soyo-san 400 mg/kg treated group (SOY400). The rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14day (2 h/14day), and soyo-san (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was administrated during the same time. In the same animals, the levels of corticosterone and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) were examined in the serum. Also, the change of IL-1β expression in brain regions was examined after behavior test.ResultsIn the FST, the lower dose (100 mg/kg) of extract was effective in reducing immobility, along with an increase in swimming time. The serum levels of corticosterone and IL-1β in the SOY groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the brain, the expression of IL-1β positive neurons in the control group were significantly increased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hippocampus compared to the non-op. However, soyo-san groups significantly reduced the IL-1β-ir neurons in the PVN and hippocampal regions compared to the control.ConclusionThe present results demonstrated that soyo-san effectively reduced behavioral and patho-physiological depression-like responses. Trial registration: Our results suggest that soyo-san may be useful for immune regulator in repeated stress-induced ovariectomized female rats.
Highlights
Soyo-san is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 9 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders
Repeated immobilization stress or unpredictable footshock elicit sickness behaviors, which may reflect part of a constellation of adaptive changes elicited by macrophage derived cytokines, such interleukin-1β and interferon-γ [4,5]. These cytokines may directly or indirectly affect CNS processes [6] and may have implications for psychopathology, including depressive illness if the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines is involved in the etiology of depression, it may be expected that antidepressants should have a restoring immunoregulatory effect
The present study demonstrated that the administration of soyo-san reduced the depressive behavior and proinflammatory cytokine expression
Summary
Soyo-san is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 9 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. Menopause is associated with a rapid decline in circulating sexual hormones and results in menopausal syndrome, including hot flushes, osteoporosis and affective disorders, for example, anxiety and depression Those symptoms are known to be related to the decrease. Repeated immobilization stress or unpredictable footshock elicit sickness behaviors, which may reflect part of a constellation of adaptive changes elicited by macrophage derived cytokines, such interleukin-1β and interferon-γ [4,5] These cytokines may directly or indirectly affect CNS processes [6] and may have implications for psychopathology, including depressive illness if the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines is involved in the etiology of depression, it may be expected that antidepressants should have a restoring immunoregulatory effect. Pharmacological studies with adrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitors such as desipramine [7,8] have indicated the involvement of noradrenergic system underlying the effects of antidepressants on immune activity
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