Abstract

Climate and soil fertility influence seed yield, nutrient uptake, and nutrient stoichiometry in the plant. We collected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] data were collected from field experiments in northeast China (warm and cold regions) to study the effect of temperature variations during the crop growing season on seed yield, nutrient uptake and stoichiometry from 2001 to 2017. Soybean seed yield has been increased in the cold region but not in the warm region, where average seed yield was higher. The indigenous nitrogen (N) supply followed the same trend as yield, greater in warmer environments but also increasing over time. The internal efficiency (IE) of N and potassium (K) performed similarly in both climate regions, but phosphorus (P) IE was 30% greater in the warm region than the cold region. For soybean nutrient uptake ratio, the N/K ratio was similar between both regions; however, the N/P ratio was greater in the warmer region relative to the colder region. Overall, the higher temperature experienced in the warm region increased soybean seed yield relative to the cold region, and high soil P accumulation caused soybean P luxury uptake in the cold region of northeast China.

Highlights

  • Climate and soil fertility influence seed yield, nutrient uptake, and nutrient stoichiometry in the plant

  • Our study revealed that soybean seed yield presented a stable or increasing trend in both regions from 2001 to 2017, with the warm region presenting greater seed yield relative to the cold region

  • Slightly longer sunshine time in the cold region relative to the warm region in the same growth duration, higher daily average temperature lead to higher accumulative photo-thermal unit (PTU) in different soybean stages of warm region. This indicates that the warm region has higher growing days degree (GDD) and PTU from seed filling to maturity stages, which can supply more heat for attaining higher soybean yield, and temperature played more important role in increasing soybean yield compared with sunshine time

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Summary

Introduction

Climate and soil fertility influence seed yield, nutrient uptake, and nutrient stoichiometry in the plant. We collected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] data were collected from field experiments in northeast China (warm and cold regions) to study the effect of temperature variations during the crop growing season on seed yield, nutrient uptake and stoichiometry from 2001 to 2017. The higher temperature experienced in the warm region increased soybean seed yield relative to the cold region, and high soil P accumulation caused soybean P luxury uptake in the cold region of northeast China. Farmers generally disregard application of N fertilizer because soybean can fix N from the atmosphere in some scenarios; BNF cannot meet plant N demand, under high yield environments or when N fixation is impaired[8].

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