Abstract
Emergence uniformity and the time required for emergence are essential factors for obtaining highly productive potential in plants. Factors such as sowing depth and soil moisture affect uniformity and emergence, but little is known about the impacts of seed vigor. Thus, we determined the impacts of seed vigor on uniformity and growth as well as development and yield in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) plants. The treatments consisted of four vigor levels (89%, 57%, 47%, and 43%) obtained by accelerated aging, in a randomized block design, with five replicates at three sites. Seeds with the highest vigor level showed higher uniformity and faster emergence. Dominated plants through their phenotypic plasticity modify stem diameter and internode length. The plants that emerged earlier had a larger leaf area in the three stages (V1, V4, and R2), allowing them to accumulate more photoassimilates in the initial stages. Consequently, these plants exhibited an increase in yield components, especially in the number of fertile nodes and the number of pods per plant, making them more productive.
Highlights
IntroductionThe importance of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is undoubted given its role as a major source of protein in food-producing animals and its increasing significance in human consumption [1]
The importance of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is undoubted given its role as a major source of protein in food-producing animals and its increasing significance in human consumption [1].Recently, these considerations, along with changes to human diets, have increased the demand for this product
Germination was determined with four samples of 100 seeds each put in wrapped wet germination paper, which were placed in a Mangelsdorf-type germination chamber and maintained at 25 ◦ C for seven days, being the number of normal seedlings read at the end of this period [12]
Summary
The importance of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is undoubted given its role as a major source of protein in food-producing animals and its increasing significance in human consumption [1] These considerations, along with changes to human diets (especially in developing countries), have increased the demand for this product. Such an environmental liability makes it necessary for researchers to develop strategies to fill the narrowing yield gap; through an improvement in yield, the pressure to open new fields for cultivation would be reduced. In this sense, the use of better-quality seeds would be an efficient way to address the challenge of increased food demand [3,4]. Germination data cannot be extrapolated to the field; this is mainly because germination tests assume ideal conditions, which is contrary to the sub-optimal conditions present in the field [5]
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