Abstract
In view of climate change and the active extension of soybean cultivation in Russia, the identification of yield-limiting factors has become a relevant task. The objective of this study was to identify the climatic factors associated with the variation in soybean productivity under the contrasting eco-geographical conditions of the Krasnodar (KR) and Primorye (PR) territories of Russia. An analysis of 424 soybean varieties from the global collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) at experimental stations in KR and PR in 1987–2005 showed that the soybean yields were higher and time to maturity was longer in KR than in PR, while the 1000 seed weight, on average, was irrelevant to the place of cultivation. The agrometeorological regression models of the observations in 1972–2017 of varieties accepted as the standards showed that the yield in PR was positively related to the sum of the temperatures above 10 °C and negatively related to precipitation in October, while in KR it was positively related to the hydrothermal coefficient. The stability of the soybean yield and of the time to maturity were higher in PR than in KR. Under the conditions of increasing temperatures and the absence of reliable trends for precipitation, a lack of moisture becomes a significant disadvantage for soybean in KR, while in PR conditions are improving.
Highlights
In most soybean-producing countries, the warming of the climate during the recent decades is excessive and represents a risk factor for the yields of soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) [1,2,3,4,5]
Similar differences are demonstrated by the data on industrial cultivation [10]: in 2003–2008, the average yield in the Krasnodar Territory was 1.25 t ha−1, CV = 24.4%, while in the Primorye Territory it was 0.80 t ha−1, CV = 15.2%
Comparing the soybean varieties in the Southern region of the European part of Russia and in Far East region shows that the yields are higher in the Southern region of the European part
Summary
In most soybean-producing countries, the warming of the climate during the recent decades is excessive and represents a risk factor for the yields of soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) [1,2,3,4,5]. In some soybean-producing regions, the factor limiting productivity is the lack of precipitation [3,6]. The warming in the regions of Russia with temperate climate has increased opportunities for the active development of soybean production. The traditional zone of soybean cultivation in Russia is the Far East Region with the monsoon climate, which is similar to Northeast China [7]. In the 20th century, soybean cultivation was widely spread in the temperate continental climate of the European territory of Russia. Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in soybean in Russia has grown sharply (Figure 1) and the extension of the crop northwards is underway [8,9]. In 2019, the harvest reached 4.36 million tons, and the total areas under soybeans in Russia amounted to more than 3 million hectares, which is 51.0%
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