Soybean Nodulation and Plant Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in the Northern US

Benjamin D Cigelske,Thomas M Desutter,Hans Kandel

doi:10.4236/as.2020.116037

Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed yields in the northern United States may increase with the application of fertilizers; however Nitrogen (N) may decrease root nodulation. This study was conducted to understand the impact of N and sulfur (S) fertilization on soybean nodulation, plant, shoot and root biomass. Two cultivars were planted in experiments across ten site-years during 2015-2016. Plant observations took place at the V4 and R4 soybean growth stages. There were 41% more nodules per plant at R4 compared to V4 (38.3 vs 27.2 nodules, respectively). Cultivars responded differently to N and S fertilizer. The nodules per plant between the cultivars (30.3 vs 24.4) were different as well as the percent medium and large-sized nodules, which indicates the need to evaluate additional genotypes. Adding N decreased root nodulation (from 31.8 to 23.7 nodules per plant) and decreased nodule size but had no effect on plant, shoot or root mass. Averaged across N rates total plant mass was 2.26 and 11.36 g per plant at V4 and R4, respectively. Shoot mass, average across N rates was 1.77 and 9.65 g per plant at V4 and R4, respectively, and root mass, average across N rates was 0.49 and 1.71 g per plant at V4 and R4, respectively. Sulfur did not have an effect on nodules per plant but increased the percent medium size nodules at the R4 observation. There was no N by S interaction observed for nodule number, size of the nodules, and plant, root and shoot mass. As cultivars differed in their nodulation response to N and S, additional research would be helpful to screen other cultivars.

Highlights

Over the last two decades soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars have been developed, which are adapted to be planted in the northern soybean-growing region of the United States
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed yields in the northern United States may increase with the application of fertilizers; Nitrogen (N) may decrease root nodulation
In Minnesota and the northern Great Plains (NGP), which includes eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota, soybean is planted in mid-May and harvested in late September or early October

Summary

Introduction

Over the last two decades soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars have been developed, which are adapted to be planted in the northern soybean-growing region of the United States. Soybean yields have increased due to new cultivars, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and more intensive crop management practices. The average North Dakota and Minnesota soybean yields have increased by 23.5 and 28.1 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1, respectively, from 1970 through 2019 [1]. In Minnesota and the northern Great Plains (NGP), which includes eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota, soybean is planted in mid-May and harvested in late September or early October. Improving fertilization practices could increase Minnesota and NGP average soybean yield. No N application is recommended for North Dakota and northern Minnesota, except as a rescue treatment [2]

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