Abstract
The textile industries are responsible for generating large volumes of effluents containing toxic dyes, harmful to ecosystems if disposed of without prior treatment. The adsorption process stands out due to its simplicity and efficiency in removing a wide variety of contaminants present in effluents, also, it allows the use of residual biomass from agriculture. The soybean hull is a by-product of wide available but made used only for animal feed. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the soybean husk as a biosorbent of the 5G blue reactive dye, widely used in the dyeing processes of the textile industries. The soybean hull was characterized by SEM and FTIR. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were carried out under conditions of pH 2, 40 ºC, and 90 rpm. Besides, kinetic and equilibrium mathematical models previously described in the literature were adjusted to the experimental data. Through the morphological characterization of the biosorbent, it was possible to evidence superficial pores in practically all their extension, a characteristic that directly influences the adsorption process. The analysis of FTIR showed, as expected, the presence of functional groups characteristic of lignocellulosic substances. Besides, the results obtained in the kinetic and equilibrium essays in the studied conditions show that the adsorption equilibrium was obtained in about 120 min, with the removal of 88% of the dye. The mathematical modeling indicated that the pseudo-second order and Sips models were the most adequate to represent the kinetic and equilibrium experimental data, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated experimentally and predicted by the Sips model were 53.33 and 48.13 mg g-1, respectively. In general, the biosorbent studied was effective to remove the reactive dye.
Highlights
The dyeing process of textile industries is the major responsibility for the generation of liquid effluents, being chemically complex due to the variety of dyes used, which are classified into: dispersants, acids, bases, salts, detergents, moisturizers, oxidizers, and others [1]
Several technologies have been studied as a method for the treatment of textile effluents, such as ion exchange, coagulation, and coagulation-flocculation, present as limitations the large number of reagents used and the generation of post-treatment sludge
This study aimed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of in natura soybean hull (Glycine max) to remove the 5G blue reactive dye, commonly used in textile dyeing
Summary
The dyeing process of textile industries is the major responsibility for the generation of liquid effluents, being chemically complex due to the variety of dyes used, which are classified into: dispersants, acids, bases, salts, detergents, moisturizers, oxidizers, and others [1] If these effluents are not properly treated before disposal in rivers or lakes, contamination of water bodies will be imminent, causing the reduction of dissolved oxygen in the water, in addition to affecting aquatic ecosystems, as well as the death of aquatic animals [2, 3]. Soybean hull (Glycine max) is a viable by-product for use as an adsorbent [5]
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