Abstract
Soybean has been a major protein source for people in East and Southeast Asia. It contains numerous secondary metabolites that are useful for human and animal health, such as isoflavones, polyphenols, tocopherols, lutein, carotenoids, and saponins. Isoflavones are the most popular nutraceutical compounds of soybean. Several soybean varieties having high isoflavones have been developed and utilized as functional food resources. Tocopherols, lutein, and saponins are also antioxidants present in soybean seeds. Tocopherols are known as vitamin E, whereas lutein has potential to prevent age-related macular degeneration. DDMP saponins in soybean is reported to inhibit HIV infection in vitro and prevent colon cancer. Screening of soybean germplasm showed that soybean holds a large genetic diversity of content and composition of tocopherols, lutein and saponins that can be utilized to breed new soybean cultivars. In addition, the wild counterpart of soybean (wild soybean) can also be source of genetic variations useful for soybean breeding. This review will summarize studies on genetic diversity of tocopherols, lutein, and saponins found in soybean and wild soybean.
Highlights
Soybean has been a major protein source for people in East and Southeast Asia
Alleles related to soybean cyst nematode resistance; aphid resistance; salt, alkalinity and drought tolerance; yield, seed oil, protein and unsaturated fatty acid have been identified from wild soybean (Xie et al 2019)
The Japan National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Genebank holds a collection of approximately 11,300 accessions consisting of Japan and overseas landraces, improved varieties and breeding lines developed by agriculture research centers, and wild soybean accessions (Kaga et al 2012)
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) has been a major protein source for human consumption, in East and Southeast Asia. The ancestor of soybean is wild soybean or G. soja (Siebold and Zucc.). Alleles related to soybean cyst nematode resistance; aphid resistance; salt, alkalinity and drought tolerance; yield, seed oil, protein and unsaturated fatty acid have been identified from wild soybean (Xie et al 2019). The Japan National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Genebank holds a collection of approximately 11,300 accessions consisting of Japan and overseas landraces, improved varieties and breeding lines developed by agriculture research centers, and wild soybean accessions (Kaga et al 2012). 14,000 soybean and wild soybean accessions have been genotyped using 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and they were evaluated for their oil and protein content (Bandillo et al 2015). This review will discuss about the genetic diversity that found in soybean and wild soybean, the impact of crop management and the environmental condition to the content and composition of the three traits
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