Abstract
Chemical constituents of extracted oil from the nut of Pistacia atlantica kurdica (dried and fresh samples) - which grows in some regions of Kurdistan province in Iran - were extracted by using soxhlet method and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main goal of this study was qualitative analysis of extracted compounds and optimization of extraction conditions. At three extraction times (7h, 11h and 13h) and with two solvents (n-hexane and methanol), soxhlet extractions were carried out. Extraction time and type of solvents were selected as two important factors. A general full factorial design with selected factors was used. The study reveals that n-hexane extracted more yield than methanol. The highest yield obtained with n-hexane, was 33.59%; while the highest yield obtained by methanol was 3.85%. The results show that when extraction is done by n-hexane, by increasing the extraction time up to 11h, the mass yield percent was also increased. The obtained chromatograms were showed that by increasing the extraction time up to 13h, the main extracted compounds were maintained but compounds with low quantities have been eliminated. The main compounds identified were alpha-pinene, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid ester. The main identified compounds were nearly similar to dried and fresh samples. This study can be considered as the firs report on the chemical compounds of extracted oil from nut of Pistacia atlantica kurdica in studied region.
Highlights
The use of natural herbal oils and resinous sap has been common throughout human life
In this study the oil of fresh and dried nut samples from subspecies of P. a. kurdica, -which grows in some regions of Kurdistan province in Iran- were extracted using soxhlet method and analyzed by GC-MS
This study can be considered as the first report on the chemical compound of extracted oil from nut of P. a. kurdica in some regions of Kurdistan Province in Iran
Summary
The use of natural herbal oils and resinous sap has been common throughout human life. These herbal products have been used in various fields especially in medicine use. Extraction and identification of chemical constituents of these products from various natural sources can be appealing for scientists. In some cases we will encounter active plant ingredients that are novel or useful especially with medical specific effects. Quinine, camphor and cocaine are some of these examples [1, 2]. With respect to side effects of synthetic drugs and other problems, a great change in mentality of manufacturers and consumers is happening gradually and herbal medicines are taken into consideration
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