Abstract
BackgroundThyroid cancer is a very common endocrine malignancy. Cancer stem cells are attributable to initiation, progression, and treatment failure in thyroid carcinoma. In the current study, immunostaining of SRY-box 2 (SOX2) in thyroid carcinoma is investigated.Material and methodsTissue microarrays were generated from 219 thyroid carcinomas distributed as follows: papillary thyroid carcinoma (175), follicular thyroid carcinoma (11), medullary thyroid carcinoma (11), Hurthle cell carcinoma (three), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PTDC; nine), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC; 10). Immunohistochemistry for SOX2 was done and examined for nuclear staining. The results were analysed. ResultsSOX2 immunostaining was positive in one PDTC (out of nine; 11.1%) and in three ATC (out of 10; 30%). The rest of the thyroid cancers showed no immunostaining for SOX2.ConclusionThe study represents for the first time SOX2 immunostaining on a large number of thyroid carcinomas. We discovered that SOX2 immunostaining is found in PDTC and ATC while SOX2 immunostaining is lacking in other thyroid cancer. SOX2 may be a marker of loss of differentiation in thyroid carcinoma. In vitro as well as in vivo molecular studies are required to explore the possible role of SOX2 in thyroid carcinoma.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs
SRY-box 2 (SOX2) immunostaining was positive in one poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and in three anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC)
We discovered that SOX2 immunostaining is found in PDTC and ATC while SOX2 immunostaining is lacking in other thyroid cancer
Summary
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs. Thyroid cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Saudi Arabia. In 2014, it was the second most common female cancer in incidence (11.5% of all cancers) and represented 4.2% of all cancers in males for that year [3]. Resistance to chemotherapy is problematic in treatment of thyroid carcinoma. This resistance is related to failure of current medications to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) [5,6]. Thyroid cancer is a very common endocrine malignancy. Cancer stem cells are attributable to initiation, progression, and treatment failure in thyroid carcinoma. In the current study, immunostaining of SRY-box 2 (SOX2) in thyroid carcinoma is investigated
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