Abstract
Simple SummaryMaintaining a ground cover greater than 75% and controlling nutrient loading and distribution are considered best management practices for pasture pig operations. These practices improve soil health and water quality, by minimizing runoff containing soil, water and nutrients. Those goals are not easily reached when managing pigs on pastures. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three sow stocking rates (10, 15 or 25 sows-gilts ha−1) on ground cover and soil nutrient concentrations of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) paddocks managed in a rotational stocking system. Increasing the Stocking rates were inversely related with the deterioration of vegetative ground cover and directly related to soil nutrient loads in the soil. The stocking rates should be kept in the range of 10 to 15 sows-gilts ha−1 to minimize the environmental impact of sows-gilts managed on bermudagrass.Ground cover maintenance and nutrients management are key elements to reduce the environmental impact of outdoor swine production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sows-gilts stocking rates on vegetative ground cover and soil nutrient concentrations in rotationally stocked bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) pastures. Three stocking rates (10, 15 and 25 sows-gilts ha−1) were compared during three 8-week grazing periods. Increasing the stocking rate from 10 to 25 sows-gilts ha−1 decreased the ground cover of the paddocks from 65 to 48%, and increased soil nutrient concentrations (ammonium 47%; nitrate 129%; phosphorus 53%; zinc 84%; and copper 29%).
Highlights
Meat consumers have shown an increasing interest in purchasing products from more sustainable production systems that are considered more respectful of the environment and of animal welfare [1,2].Those systems reduce the use of agrochemicals and fossil fuels, encourage the rescue of local animal genetic resources, and contribute to the strengthening of local communities [3]
Niche pork production systems have the capability of including the attributes that more informed consumers are demanding, and to become a more sustainable approach to meat production [4]
Ground cover maintenance and nutrient management are key elements to reduce the environmental impact of outdoor swine production [31]
Summary
Meat consumers have shown an increasing interest in purchasing products from more sustainable production systems that are considered more respectful of the environment and of animal welfare [1,2] Those systems reduce the use of agrochemicals and fossil fuels, encourage the rescue of local animal genetic resources, and contribute to the strengthening of local communities [3]. In the Dehesa, pigs of the ‘Iberico’ heritage breed are managed in a silvopastoral system where grasses, acorns, chestnuts and other local resources contribute to the origination of the dry-cured ham [5] These market trends oriented to products originated in alternative production systems, should be cultivated to strengthen the consolidation of the pasture-based pork supply chain and its related niche markets. Certifications such as IGP (Indication of Geographic Protection) and DOP
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