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Abstract
Abstract: The success of soybean-maize double summer crop is very dependent on the sowing date and relative maturity group of cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of the adoption of soybean-maize double cropping under different sowing periods and soybean maturity groups. The production data used were obtained from two summer growing seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18) in an experiment carried out at Dois Vizinhos-PR, Brazil. The economic feasibility of each treatment was evaluated through the indicators of gross revenue, gross margin, operating profit, and profitability index. Soybean-maize succession is viable and presents positive profitability. Soybean establishment on October 15th makes it economically unfeasible to sow maize (outside the zoning) as a 2nd summer crop. Soybean maturity groups from 5.1 to 5.3, when sown on October 1st allow profitability and better financial balance, being this combination the most suitable for a double summer crop. Soybean genotypes with maturity group 6.0 are an option for sowing in the middle of September, being the most lucrative and efficient arrangement, providing maize sowing in the middle of February, within the agroclimatic zoning of the region.
Highlights
Agribusiness plays a major role in Brazilian’s gross domestic product (25% of GDP) since the country stands out among the world’s largest grain producers and exporters
Farming crop systems have gone through several changes over the last few years
Grow only one crop per year or keep growing the soybean-wheat succession has lost area to the soybean-maize double summer crop system, where maize grown in the offseason corresponds to 73% of the total corn produced in Brazil (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, 2019)
Summary
Agribusiness plays a major role in Brazilian’s gross domestic product (25% of GDP) since the country stands out among the world’s largest grain producers and exporters. Soybean crop alone represents almost half (49%) of the total cultivated area with annual crops and its importance keeps growing year after year (Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Óleos Vegetais, 2018). Grow only one crop per year or keep growing the soybean-wheat succession has lost area to the soybean-maize double summer crop system, where maize grown in the offseason corresponds to 73% of the total corn produced in Brazil (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, 2019). This arrangement is one of the most promising strategies to raise land yield and the potential of farmland resource use. Soybeans and maize are complementary crops where the cultivation of maize as a second summer crop allows the rotation of chemical defensives, facilitating the control of weeds by the fact that it allows the cultivation intercropped with Urochloa
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