Sowing and transplanting of broadleaves ( Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Prunus avium L. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) for afforestation of farmland

Abstract

Transplanting of bare-rooted seedlings is the common practice for afforestation with broadleaves on former farmland in Denmark and southern Sweden. This is an expensive method and the development of less costly alternatives is needed. The present study included three field experiments, with different treatment combinations of transplanting and sowing of beech, oak, wild cherry and hawthorn, vegetation control, seed and seedling protection by small tubes. Establishment percentage as well as the growth of seedlings was recorded annually from 1995 to 1998. By the end of the experiments, transplanting generally resulted in higher establishment percentages for all species compared to sowing and sowing in tubes. However, sowing of oak resulted in high establishment percentages. There was a clear indication of rodent damage to seeds and seedlings in some of the experiments. Establishment percentage following sowing in tubes was generally better when compared to sowing only, but other problems for seedling development appeared in the tubes. The general effect of vegetation control on the survival of seedlings was minor. In contrast, vegetation control had a strong effect on seedling growth development. In conclusion, sowing of different broadleaved species has the potential to become a viable alternative to transplanting for afforestation of farmland. However, development of new methods for protection against mice and weeds are recommended.