Abstract
Stalinist philosophers and other champions of Marxist theory argued against the modern trend in the mathematization of science. They thought that the unrestricted mathematization of the natural sciences and humanities invited “mathematical idealism”, an archenemy of materialistic dialectics. In their opinion, Georg Cantor's set theory was based on speculation unrelated to the real world. Such leading mathematicians as A. N. Kolmogorov and P. S. Aleksandrov had different ideas: they welcomed the modern trend in the accelerated mathematization of science, and they considered set theory the most advanced and promising branch of mathematics. Despite Stalin's unceasing war on free expression in science, Soviet mathematicians made significant contributions to modern mathematical knowledge. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.[formula]Copyright 2000 Academic Press.MSC 1991 subject classifications: 01A60, 01A72, 01A74, 01A80
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