Abstract
South Africa’s options for mineimpacted water re-use: A review
Highlights
South Africa is a water-scarce country, rated as one of the 30 driest countries in the world
Regardless of the water scarcity faced in South Africa, our water conservation track record is poor, with an average consumption of 280 L/d per person, almost 60% more than the global average of 175 L/d per person
The situation appears just as dire, with the United Nations High Level Panel on Water (HLPW) expecting a 40% water shortfall by 2030, which may affect up to 1.8 billion people based on current water demand trajectories (Zhuwakinyu, 2017)
Summary
>296; High (R12-18/m3) 3Low (R1-2/m3) Med/high (R10/m3 for 2 g/L SO4) 7Low/med (R3-5/m3). Several surveys completed more recently have revealed numerous additional factors that appear to influence the perceptions, acceptability, and overall successful implementation of recycled water regardless of the source within a community Some of these factors include the sources of the water to be re-used, trust in and knowledge of the treatment processes producing the water for re-use, the specific activities related to water re-use, and the cost of water reuse (Bruvold and Ward, 1972; Stoakley, 2013). Water re-use projects in the past have, shown that the level of community acceptance and perceptions around elements such as cost, risk, and necessity are vital indicators of a planned project’s eventual success or failure (Stoakley, 2013) For these reasons, the benefits of proactively providing opportunities for public participation in the development process should be carefully considered and will far outweigh the perceived administrative burdens of such a task by ensuring a smoother, more successful implementation phase.
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