Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen biologically reduced in legumes root nodule and accumulated in their postharvest residues may be of great importance as a source of this macronutrient for succeeding crops. The aim of the study was to determine nitrogen uptake by winter triticale from pea postharvest residues, including N fixed from atmosphere, using in the study fertilizer enriched with the 15N isotope. Triticale was grown without nitrogen fertilization at sites where the forecrops had been two pea cultivars (multi-purpose and field pea) and, for comparison, spring barley. The triticale crop succeeding pea took up more nitrogen from the soil (59.1%) and less from the residues of the forecrop (41.1%). The corresponding values where the forecrop was barley were 92.1% and 7.9%. In the triticale, the percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere, introduced into the soil with pea crop residues amounted to 23.8%. The amounts of nitrogen derived from all sources in the entire biomass of triticale plants grown after harvesting of pea were similar for both pea cultivars. The cereal took up more nitrogen from all sources, when the soil on which the experiment was conducted had higher content of carbon and nitrogen and a greater amount of N was introduced with the pea residues. Nitrogen from pea residues had high availability for winter triticale as a succeeding crop cultivated on sandy soils.
Highlights
Recent years have seen increased interest in the cultivation and use of legumes
Legumes are usually grown using low levels of nitrogen fertilizer, because they can live in symbiosis with bacteria that reduce atmospheric nitrogen N2 to ammonium forms available for the plant in its root nodules [5]
The most important benefit of leguminous plant cultivation is enrichment of soil with nitrogen from the nitrogen fixation process, which is utilized by the succeeding plants in the crop rotation [3,8,9]
Summary
Recent years have seen increased interest in the cultivation and use of legumes. The seeds of pea, soybean and lupine have high protein content, which makes them useful and difficult to replace in many branches of industry, especially the food and feed industries [1]. Cultivation of legumes can play an important role in reducing the negative effects of intensified crop production by introducing sustainable production methods that make the most efficient use of fertilizers and natural processes [3,6,7]. The most important benefit of leguminous plant cultivation is enrichment of soil with nitrogen from the nitrogen fixation process (biological reduction of atmospheric nitrogen), which is utilized by the succeeding plants in the crop rotation [3,8,9]. There is a lack of current data describing the utilization of nitrogen introduced to the soil in the form of residues of legume crops, including nitrogen derived from biological reduction
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